Kidney decontamination during perfusion for transplantation procedure: In vitro and ex vivo viability analysis.

Organ transplantations have an increasing medical relevance. It is becoming a regular procedure with an increase in individuals waiting for organs. The increase in the number of discarded organs is mostly due to the donor bacterial and/or viral infection. In this article, we are demonstrating the feasibility of reduction of the bacterial load in kidney model by using ultraviolet-C as a germicidal agent in circulating liquids. Using Staphylococcus aureus as a bacteria model, we were able to demonstrate that in less than 30 min of liquid circulation and associated to irradiation, the bacterial load of the perfusate Custodiol HTK, histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (solution with 5 log CFU mL-1 ), was fully eliminated. A modeling approach was created to verify the possibility of bacterial load decrease, when an organ (here, a renal experimental model) is present in the circuit, releasing a varied rate of microorganisms over time, while the solution is irradiated. Finally, we use an ex vivo model with swine kidney, circulating in the preservation solution with a Lifeport Kidney Transporter machine, to demonstrate that we can contaminate the organ and then promote the elimination of the microbiological load. The results show the feasibility of the technique.

First assessment about the phlebotomine fauna (Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) of Atlántico department from Colombia / Primera aproximación a la fauna flebotomínea (psychodidae: phlebotominae) del departamento de atlántico

RESUMEN Dentro del género Lutzomyia algunas especies son vectores de la enfermedad llamada leishmaniasis, la cual tiene implicaciones en la salud pública, desarrollando diferentes manifestaciones clínicas como leishmaniasis cutánea, visceral y mucocutánea que afectan altamente al ser humano. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un inventario de las especies del género Lutzomyia presentes en seis zonas del departamento del Atlántico. Se implementaron tres técnicas de capturas tradicionales: trampas CDC entre 18:00-06:00, trampa Shannon entre 19:00-22:00 y búsqueda activa de flebotomíneos con aspiradores bucales en troncos, bases de árboles y otros sitios entre 09:00-11:00 y 16:00-17:30, en seis municipios del departamento del Atlántico, Colombia. Se capturaron diez especies flebotomíneas y se reporta por vez primera para el departamento del Atlántico el hallazgo de Lutzomyia longipalpis y Lutzomyia atroclavata. De las diez especies capturadas, Lutzomyia longipalpis tiene antecedentes como vector de Leishmania infantum en Colombia y en otras regiones de Latinoamérica, además es considerada el principal vector de leishmaniasis visceral en las Américas. La especie más abundante y con mayor distribución espacial fue Lu. evansi, principal vector de leishmaniasis visceral en la región Caribe. En conclusión, la riqueza de la fauna flebotomínea del departamento de Atlántico se actualiza a doce especies, con el primer registro de Lu. longipalpis y Lu. atroclavata. También se reporta la fauna flebotomínea por primera vez en localidades del departamento de Atlántico como Campeche, Puerto Colombia, Luruaco, Ponedera y Campo de la Cruz.

ABSTRACT The genus Lutzomyia has a variety of species, where some are vectors of the disease called leishmaniasis which has implications for public health developing different clinical manifestations that highly affect humans such as cutaneous, visceral and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. The aim of the study was to update the registry of the Lutzomyia species that are present in six areas of the Atlántico department. Three traditional capture techniques were implemented, with CDC traps implemented from 18:00 to 6:00 o'clock, Shannon traps from 19:00 to 10:00 and active search with mouth aspirators on trunks, tree bases and other rest sites from 09:00 to 11:00 and 16:00 to 17:30, in six municipalities of the Atlántico department, Colombia. Ten phlebotomine species were captured during the present work, from which the finding of Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia atroclavata are reported for the first time at the Atlántico department. From the ten species captured, Lutzomyia longipalpis has antecedents as a vector of Leishmania infantum in Colombia and other regions of Latin America. The most abundant species with the greatest spatial distribution was Lu. evansi, which is the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis in the Caribbean region. In conclusion, the richness of phlebotomineal fauna of the department of Atlántico is updated to twelve species, with the first record of Lu. longipalpis and Lu. atroclavata. Phlebotomy fauna is also reported for the first time in localities of the department of Atlántico such as Campeche, Puerto Colombia, Luruaco, Ponedera and Campo de la Cruz.